Evidence & Sources
Our developmental intelligence draws on three categories of evidence — each with a distinct role in how we derive milestone windows, confidence scores, and curriculum alignment.
30
normative studies
386k+
children with response data
66
countries represented
3
clinical instruments
2
curriculum frameworks
Normative Research
Large-scale population studies that define what is developmentally typical across diverse global contexts. These are the backbone of our age-window predictions and confidence scores — they tell us what most children can do, and when.
Stanford SHQ
Stanford University · 2021
- Sample
- 21.9k+
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 422
Ages birth–6yr
WHO GSED
World Health Organization · 2023
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 9
- Milestones covered
- 155
Ages birth–3yr
WHO MGRS
World Health Organization · 2006
- Sample
- 8.5k+
- Countries
- 6
- Milestones covered
- 6
Ages birth–5yr
CREDI
Harvard Center on the Developing Child · 2020
- Sample
- 14.1k+
- Countries
- 17
- Milestones covered
- 108
Ages birth–3yr
MELQO
UNESCO / UNICEF · 2017
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 12
- Milestones covered
- 30
Ages 4yr–6yr
ECDI 2030
UNICEF · 2020
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- 8
Ages 2yr–4yr 11mo
MICS6
UNICEF · 2019
- Sample
- 335.2k+
- Countries
- 66
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 2yr–4yr 11mo
IDB Bogota
Inter-American Development Bank · 2020
- Sample
- 1.3k+
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–3yr
Japan MHLW
こども家庭庁 / Children & Families Agency, Japan (descended from MHLW 厚生労働省 administration pre-2023 reorg) · 2026
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 126
Ages 1mo–7yr
HK FHS
Department of Health, Hong Kong SAR · 2018
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–6yr
M-CHAT-R/F
Robins, Fein & Barton (M-CHAT-R/F LLC) · 2014
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 11
Ages 1yr 4mo–2yr 6mo
Paul H. Brookes Publishing / Brookes Publishing Co. ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 2mo–5yr 6mo
Paul H. Brookes Publishing ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1mo–6yr
Pearson / PAR ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1yr–3yr
Pearson Assessment (formerly NCS Pearson) ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 4yr–21yr 11mo
PAR (Psychological Assessment Resources) ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 2yr–5yr 11mo
ASEBA (Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment) ·
- Sample
- 700+
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1yr 6mo–5yr 11mo
Kaplan Early Learning Company / Devereux Center for Resilient Children ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1mo–3yr
Hogrefe Ltd. (UK); distributed by Pearson Australia (AUS), PAA (AUS) ·
- Sample
- 426+
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–6yr
INTERGROWTH-21st Project / Nuffield Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Oxford ·
- Sample
- 1.2k+
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1yr 10mo–2yr 6mo
Pearson Education Ltd. ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 3yr–16yr
Paul H. Brookes Publishing ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 8mo–1yr 6mo
Paul H. Brookes Publishing ·
- Sample
- 1.5k+
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1yr 4mo–3yr 1mo
Pearson (formerly AGS) ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–5yr 8mo
PEDStest.com LLC ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–8yr
Pearson / PsychCorp ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–6yr 11mo
Tufts Medical Center / TEAM UP Center ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 1mo–5yr 5mo
Pearson ·
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–90yr
Pearson Assessment (NCS Pearson) ·
- Sample
- 1.7k+
- Countries
- —
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages 2yr 6mo–7yr 7mo
Vroom
Bezos Family Foundation · ongoing (program est. ~2014)
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- —
Ages birth–5yr
Clinical Assessment Instruments
Validated tools used by paediatricians, developmental specialists, and early childhood practitioners to evaluate individual children against established norms. We map their assessment constructs to our canonical milestones to validate coverage and enable cross-instrument comparison.
Denver II
Denver Developmental Materials, Inc. · 1990
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 40
Ages birth–6yr
ASQ-3
Brookes Publishing · 2009
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 25
Ages 1mo–5yr 6mo
Bayley-4
Pearson Clinical Assessment · 2019
- Sample
- —
- Countries
- 1
- Milestones covered
- 30
Ages birth–3yr 6mo
Curriculum Frameworks
National and institutional learning standards from governments and educational bodies worldwide. We use them to align our curriculum skills across cultures and to map what practitioners expect children to learn, not just observe developmentally.