Hong Kong Family Health Service Developmental Surveillance

0-3mo

• Moves with jerky arm thrusting and leg kicking手臂和雙腳動作較急促及抽動
• Lifts head briefly when lying on tummy but cannot support head without assistance俯臥時可短暫抬頭，但仍未能自行支撐頭部
• Lifts head and chest when lying on tummy and supports body with both forearms俯臥時抬起頭和胸，並以前臂支撐身體
• Keeps head up fairly steadily when held in sitting position被扶坐時頭部能較穩定地豎起
• movements may become smoother, more purposeful, and coordinated動作開始較流暢、有目的和協調
• moves with smoother and better controlled body motions身體動作較流暢和受控制
• straightens legs and kicks with greater force雙腿伸直並更有力地踢動
• lifts head and chest on tummy and supports body with both forearms俯臥時抬起頭和胸，並以前臂支撐身體
• keeps head up fairly steadily when held sitting被扶坐時頭部能較穩定地豎起
• appears floppy or too stiff on handling抱起或處理時顯得過軟或過硬by 3mopartial evidence
• does not move much and does not support her head temporarily when lying on her tummy很少活動，俯臥時不能短暫支撐頭部by 3moresearch backed

4-7mo

• Pushes up head and body with hands when lying on tummy俯臥時用雙手撐起頭和身體
• can push up head and body with hands while lying on tummy俯臥時可用雙手撐起頭和身體
• does not move much or moves asymmetrically很少活動或動作不對稱by 7mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• Keeps hands fisted most of the time but can reflexively grasp whatever is placed in hand大部分時間握拳，但放入手中的物件可反射性抓握
• Keeps hands open most of the time大部分時間雙手張開
• Grasps rattle placed in palm可抓握放在掌心的搖鈴
• keeps hands open most of the time大部分時間雙手張開
• grasps a rattle placed in the palm可抓握放在掌心的搖鈴
• brings hand to mouth and sucks會把手放入口中吸吮
• brings both hands together and plays with fingers會把雙手合在一起並玩手指
• tries to hit dangling objects with body or arms嘗試用身體或手臂碰打懸掛物
• keeps hands fisted all the time and does not hold a rattle put in her hand雙手一直握拳，且不能握住放在手中的搖鈴by 3mopartial evidence

4-7mo

• Transfers object from one hand to the other可把物件由一隻手轉到另一隻手
• Grasps an object with fingers可用手指抓握物件
• Reaches out and grasp objects會伸手抓握物件
• can reach out and grasp objects可伸手抓握物件
• can explore objects using both hands可用雙手探索物件
• can transfer an object from one hand to the other可把物件由一隻手轉到另一隻手
• does not reach and grasp objects不會伸手抓握物件by 7moresearch backed
• start reaching out and grasping objects around 4-5 months約四至五個月開始伸手抓握物件

8-12mo

• Throws or shakes objects會拋擲或搖動物件
• Bangs 2 cubes together會把兩塊積木互相敲打

0-3mo

• infant not startled by sudden sound at 1-3 months1至3個月大時，嬰兒對突然而來的聲音沒有驚嚇反應by 3moresearch backed
• Startled by sudden noises會被突然而來的聲音嚇一跳
• Pays attention to human voices especially high-pitched ones會留意人聲，特別是較高音調的聲音
• Responds to sound by blinking, jerking of limbs, or 'freezing' of own activity聽到聲音會眨眼、四肢抽動，或暫停正在做的動作
• Turns head to the direction of sound會把頭轉向聲音方向
• baby may listen to sounds and people talking嬰兒可能會聽聲音和別人說話
• baby turns head toward sounds such as mother's voice嬰兒會把頭轉向聲音，例如媽媽的聲音
• baby listens to music嬰兒會聽音樂
• baby smiles at familiar voices, especially mother's voice嬰兒聽到熟悉的聲音會微笑，特別是媽媽的聲音
• does not respond to loud noise對很大的聲音沒有反應by 3moresearch backed

4-7mo

• infant unable to turn to source of sound at 4-6 months4至6個月大時，嬰兒未能轉向聲音來源by 6moresearch backed
• Responds to people calling him有人呼喚時會作出回應
• Localizes the source of soft noise produced on either side能找出左右兩邊柔和聲音的來源
• baby turns head readily to parent's voice across the room聽到房間另一邊父母的聲音時，會立即轉頭
• baby localizes the source of a soft noise made on either side能找出左右兩邊柔和聲音的來源
• baby responds to people calling him有人呼喚時，嬰兒會作出回應
• baby distinguishes emotional tone of voice嬰兒能分辨聲音中的情緒語調
• does not respond to calling被呼喚時沒有反應by 7moresearch backed
• does not turn head to locate the source of sound不會轉頭尋找聲音來源by 7moresearch backed

8-12mo

• infant does not respond to own name at 10-12 months10至12個月大時，嬰兒對自己的名字沒有反應by 12moresearch backed
• does not respond to calling of own name often by end of 12 months到12個月底時，經常對呼喚自己的名字沒有反應by 12moresearch backed
• Responds to own name對自己的名字有反應
• Pay increasing attention to speech對說話越來越留意
• Does not respond to calling of her name often經常對呼喚自己的名字沒有反應by 12moresearch backed

4-6y

• Language delay is a symptom of hearing impairment in children語言遲緩是兒童聽力受損的徵狀by 60mopartial evidence
• child cannot hear clearly or requests repetition during conversation兒童聽不清楚，或在交談時要求別人重複by 120mopartial evidence
• child misinterprets instructions兒童誤解指示by 120mopartial evidence
• child turns up sound volume of television兒童把電視音量調高by 120mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• baby may spend less time sleeping嬰兒可能會睡少一些時間

4-7mo

• Rolls over from tummy to back and reverse可由俯臥翻到仰臥及反方向翻身
• Sits with support of his hands or even free his arms when on tummy可用雙手支撐坐著，或俯臥時短暫放開雙臂
• can roll over from tummy to back and back to tummy可由俯臥翻至仰臥，也可由仰臥翻至俯臥
• can sit with support on hands and briefly free arms可用雙手支撐坐著，並短暫放開雙臂
• can play with feet and may put them into mouth可玩自己的腳，並可能把腳放入口中
• does not sit well with support on hands用雙手支撐也不能坐穩by 7moresearch backed

8-12mo

• Sits well without support不用支撐也能坐穩
• Gets to sitting position without assistance不用協助可自行轉至坐姿
• Get to sitting position without assistance不用協助可自行轉至坐姿
• Sit well on the floor and can turn his body around to both sides without falling可在地上坐穩，並能向兩邊轉身而不跌倒
• Get from sitting to crawling or prone position可由坐姿轉到爬行或俯臥姿勢
• Does not sit alone不能獨自坐by 9moresearch backed

4-7mo

• can support full body weight when held upright被扶直時可承托全身重量
• does not bear some weight on legs when held up被扶起時雙腳不能承托部分重量by 7mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• Crawls會爬行
• Begins to stand holding on開始扶著物件站立
• Creeps on tummy, or crawls on hands and knees, or shuffles on bottom可匍匐前進、手膝爬行，或坐著用臀部移動
• Pulls self up to standing position可自行拉起身體至站立
• Walks when hands held by adult or may take a few steps on his own成人扶著雙手時可步行，或可自行走幾步
• Creep on tummy, or crawl on hands and knees, or shuffle on bottom可匍匐前進、手膝爬行，或坐著用臀部移動
• Lower self from standing to sitting or squatting position while holding onto furniture扶著家具時可由站立降低至坐下或蹲下
• Stand with support and may stand alone momentarily可扶著站立，並可能短暫獨站
• Pull self up to standing可自行拉起身體站立
• Cruise around holding onto furniture扶著家具橫行移動
• Walk when hands held by adult or may take a few steps on his own成人扶著雙手時可步行，或可自行走幾步
• Does not walk along holding onto furniture不能扶著家具行走by 12moresearch backed

1-2y

• Stands and walks alone可獨自站立和步行
• Use walking as the usual means of mobility by around 18 months, although she may look unsteady on her legs約十八個月時以步行作為主要移動方式，即使步態仍可能不穩
• Squat down to pick up object from the floor without falling可蹲下拾起地上的物件而不跌倒
• Walk with quick steps or even run步伐加快，甚至會跑
• Carry or pull along toys while walking步行時可拿著或拉著玩具
• Cannot walk alone不能獨自行走by 18moresearch backed

2-3y

• Walks with quick steps or even run步伐加快，甚至會跑
• Walk alone well by 2 years兩歲時可獨自行得穩
• Cannot walk steadily不能行得穩by 24moresearch backed

4-7mo

• Rakes small objects with thumb, index and middle fingers against palm (radial-palmar grasp)用拇指、食指及中指把小物件掃入掌心
• can rake small objects and pick them up using thumb and fingers together可用拇指和手指一起掃起並拾起小物件

8-12mo

• Grasps with thumb, index and middle fingers without the use of the palm (radial-digital grasp)不用掌心，以拇指、食指及中指抓握
• Begins to point with fingers with thumb and index finger like a pincer (neat pincer grasp)開始用拇指和食指像鉗子般指物或拈物
• Releases objects voluntarily可有意識地放開物件
• Picks up small objects可拾起小物件
• Pokes with index finger會用食指戳按
• Poke with index fingers用食指戳按
• Pick up tiny objects using thumb and index finger (like pincers)用拇指和食指像鉗子般拾起細小物件
• Take objects out and put into containers把物件從容器取出並放入容器
• Release objects voluntarily有意識地放開物件
• Deliberately drop toys repeatedly for adult to pick up故意反覆掉下玩具讓成人拾起
• Does not pick up small objects like crumbs and rice using her finger tips不能用指尖拾起麵包屑、飯粒等小物件by 12moresearch backed

1-2y

• Shows tendency to use one hand顯示較常使用其中一隻手的傾向
• Show tendency to use one hand顯示較常使用其中一隻手的傾向

8-12mo

• does not look at own hands不看自己的手by 12mopartial evidence
• does not blink to bright light不會對強光眨眼by 12moclinical convention
• does not visually follow objects moving in front of face不會用眼追視面前移動的物件by 12mopartial evidence
• does not reach out for toys不會伸手拿玩具by 12mopartial evidence
• fear of gross motor activities like crawling害怕爬行等大肌肉活動by 12moclinical convention

1-2y

• Infants older than 3 months should be able to fix on a target and follow it; asymmetry of corneal light reflex may indicate strabismus三個月以上嬰兒應能注視目標並追視；角膜反光不對稱可能提示斜視by 24mopartial evidence

4-6y

• tends to hold objects very close to eyes when looking at them看東西時常把物件放得很近眼睛by 60moclinical convention
• abnormal responses to bright light對強光反應異常by 60mopartial evidence
• often bumps into objects or falls over經常撞到物件或跌倒by 60mopartial evidence
• may press on eyeballs with fingers可能用手指按壓眼球by 60moclinical convention
• jerky movement of the eyeballs (nystagmus)眼球跳動或震顫by 60mopartial evidence
• abnormal head tilt when looking看東西時頭部異常傾斜by 60mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• Finger feed用手指拿食物自行進食
• Finger feed (i.e. feeds herself using fingers to hold her food)用手指拿食物自行進食

1-2y

• Tries feeding self with spoon嘗試用匙羹自行進食
• Try feeding self with spoon and drinking from a cup嘗試用匙羹自行進食和用杯飲水

2-3y

• Feeds self more skillfully自行進食較熟練
• Feed self more skillfully自行進食較熟練

3-4y

• Feeds self skillfully with spoon without assistance毋須協助能熟練地用匙羹自行進食
• Feed self skillfully with a spoon.能熟練地用匙羹自行進食。
• appears clumsy and messy when using a spoon使用匙羹時顯得笨拙和弄得凌亂by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Can use chopsticks, knife and fork能使用筷子、刀和叉
• Use knife and fork使用刀和叉
• fails to feed himself/herself using knife, fork or chopsticks未能用刀、叉或筷子自行進食by 72mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• Helps in dressing by holding out arms and legs穿衣時會伸出手腳協助
• Help in dressing by holding out arms and legs穿衣時會伸出手腳協助

1-2y

• Helps with dressing會協助穿衣
• Helps with dressing or undressing會協助穿衣或脫衣
• Takes off shoes會脫鞋
• Take off shoes會脫鞋

2-3y

• Dresses and undresses simple garments能穿脫簡單衣物
• Dress and undress simple garments能穿脫簡單衣物

3-4y

• Takes off simple garments including undoing buttons; but may need a little help in dressing up properly能脫簡單衣物，包括解開鈕扣；但穿好衣服或仍需少許協助
• Puts on shoes (without laces)會穿沒有鞋帶的鞋
• Take off simple garments without assistance (including undoing buttons) and may need a little help dressing properly.毋須協助能脫簡單衣物，包括解開鈕扣；穿好衣服或仍需少許協助。
• Put on shoes without laces.會穿沒有鞋帶的鞋。
• cannot take off loose T-shirts, shoes and socks不能脫寬鬆T恤、鞋和襪by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• cannot dress himself/herself, e.g., pull up or down pants, undo big buttons不能自行穿衣，例如拉上或拉下褲子、解開大鈕扣by 60moresearch backed
• cannot dress and undress himself/herself不能自行穿脫衣物by 72mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Walks up stairs while holding on rail with one hand可單手扶著欄杆上樓梯
• Climb up and down furniture without assistance不用協助可爬上爬落家具
• Walk up and down stairs holding onto support扶著支撐物上下樓梯

2-3y

• Walks down stairs with both feet on each step while holding on rail扶著欄杆下樓梯，每級雙腳同踏
• Jumps off ground with two feet雙腳離地跳起
• Run fast跑得快
• Jump and climb well能良好地跳和攀爬
• Walk up and down stairs without any help不用協助可上下樓梯

3-4y

• Runs fast跑得快
• Jumps and climbs well能良好地跳和攀爬
• Walks up stairs with alternating feet without holding on rail不用扶欄杆，可雙腳交替上樓梯
• Falls frequently or cannot walk on stairs by himself經常跌倒或不能自行行樓梯by 36mopartial evidence
• falls easily while walking行路時容易跌倒by 48mopartial evidence
• needs assistance when walking up/down stairs上下樓梯時需要協助by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Runs, jumps and climbs confidently能有信心地跑、跳和攀爬
• Stands on one foot momentarily可短暫單腳站立
• Walks down stairs with alternating feet without holding on rail不用扶欄杆，可雙腳交替下樓梯
• Manages stairs and playground activities skillfully能熟練應付樓梯和遊樂場活動
• Stands on either leg and maintains balance for five seconds or longer可任一腳單腳站立並保持平衡五秒或以上
• Hops forward on one foot for 2-3 metres可單腳向前跳二至三米
• Run, jump, and climb confidently能有信心地跑、跳和攀爬
• Stand on one foot momentarily可短暫單腳站立
• Manage stairs and playground activities skillfully能熟練應付樓梯和遊樂場活動
• Stand on either leg and maintain balance for five seconds or longer可任一腳單腳站立並保持平衡五秒或以上
• Hop forward on one foot for 2-3 metres可單腳向前跳二至三米
• Appears clumsy in physical activies身體活動顯得笨拙by 60mopartial evidence
• appears clumsy when walking, running or climbing and may fall easily行走、跑步或攀爬時顯得笨拙，並可能容易跌倒by 60mopartial evidence
• cannot stand on one foot不能單腳站立by 72mopartial evidence
• appears clumsy or lacks confidence when climbing frames in playground在遊樂場攀爬架時顯得笨拙或缺乏信心by 72mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Try to kick ball嘗試踢球

2-3y

• Kicks a ball會踢球
• Kick ball踢球
• Pedal tricycle踩三輪車

3-4y

• Pedals tricycle會踩三輪車

4-6y

• Throws and catches large ball可拋接大球
• Pedals tricycle with ease能熟練踩三輪車
• Kicks a moving ball會踢正在移動的球
• Moves in rhythm to music能隨音樂節奏活動身體
• Throw and catch a large ball拋接大球
• Pedal a tricycle with ease熟練踩三輪車
• Kick a moving ball踢正在移動的球
• Move in rhythm to music隨音樂節奏活動身體
• fails to throw and catch or kick a rolling ball未能拋接球或踢滾動中的球by 60moresearch backed

1-2y

• Can build a tower of 2 to 4 blocks可用二至四塊積木疊高塔
• Build towers of four or more bricks/blocks可用四塊或以上積木疊高塔
• Turn several pages of book at a time一次可翻數頁書頁
• Turn knobs and unscrew bottle cap轉動門把及旋開瓶蓋
• Put pegs into holes把插粒放入孔內

2-3y

• Turns several pages (not thick ones) of book at a time一次可翻數頁書頁（非厚頁）
• Builds towers of 6 or more bricks/blocks可用六塊或以上積木疊高塔
• Turns knobs and unscrew bottle cap可轉動門把及旋開瓶蓋
• Build simple model with construction toys用建構玩具砌簡單模型
• Thread beads穿珠
• Turn page of a book one at a time逐頁翻書
• Wind up toys扭動上鏈玩具

3-4y

• Threads beads會穿珠
• Turns page of a book one at a time可逐頁翻書
• Winds up toys會扭動上鏈玩具
• Builds simple model with construction toys可用建構玩具砌簡單模型
• appears clumsy in use of fingers, e.g.: unwrapping candies, turning pages of a book or playing with clay手指運用顯得笨拙，例如拆糖紙、翻書頁或玩泥膠by 48mopartial evidence
• shows difficulty in screwing or unscrewing bottle cap旋緊或旋開瓶蓋有困難by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Builds more elaborate models with building blocks可用積木砌較複雜的模型
• Build more elaborate models with building blocks用積木砌較複雜的模型

1-2y

• Holds a crayon to make scribbles on paper拿著蠟筆在紙上塗鴉
• Scribble with crayon用蠟筆塗鴉

2-3y

• Scribbles with crayon用蠟筆塗鴉
• Hold a pencil and mark vertical and horizontal strokes on paper握鉛筆在紙上畫直線和橫線

3-4y

• Holds a pencil and marks vertical and horizontal strokes on paper, can copy a circle能握鉛筆在紙上畫直線和橫線，並可臨摹圓形
• Does not draw vertical and horizontal lines不會畫直線和橫線by 36mopartial evidence
• cannot copy vertical or horizontal lines不能臨摹直線或橫線by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Holds pencil in an adult manner以成人方式握鉛筆
• Draws recognisable circle and square畫出可辨認的圓形和正方形
• Starts learning to copy some simple letters comprising mainly of vertical or horizontal strokes (e.g. 1, +, 口, L, T)開始學習臨摹主要由直線或橫線組成的簡單字母或符號
• Draws a person with a few body parts (commonly with head, limbs, eyes, and mouth)畫出有幾個身體部分的人物，通常有頭、四肢、眼和口
• Draws simple pictures, recognisable person with more features (commonly with head, eyes, nose, mouth, trunk, limbs with hands and feet)畫簡單圖畫及有更多特徵、可辨認的人物
• Colours picture neatly, staying within outlines能整齊地填色並留在線內
• Writes numerals and alphabets with good control能有良好控制地書寫數字和英文字母
• Hold a pencil in an adult manner以成人方式握鉛筆
• Draw a circle and a square畫圓形和正方形
• Start learning to copy simple letters with vertical or horizontal strokes開始學習臨摹有直線或橫線的簡單字母
• Draw a person with a few body parts畫出有幾個身體部分的人物
• Colour picture neatly, staying within the lines整齊地填色並留在線內
• Draw simple pictures, including a recognisable person with more features畫簡單圖畫，包括有更多特徵、可辨認的人物
• Write numerals and alphabets with good control有良好控制地書寫數字和英文字母
• fails to copy circle, inclined line, simple words or letters e.g. 十, 日, 人, C, X未能臨摹圓形、斜線、簡單字詞或字母，例如十、日、人、C、Xby 60mopartial evidence
• has difficulty in colouring within boundaries在界線內填色有困難by 72moclinical convention
• appears weak in pencil grip and slow in copying words握筆力度較弱，抄寫文字較慢by 72mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Drinks from a cup能用杯飲水

1-2y

• Starts indicating toilet needs開始表示有如廁需要
• Start indicating toilet needs開始表示有如廁需要

2-3y

• Keeps dry by day日間能保持乾爽
• Keep dry by day日間能保持乾爽

3-4y

• Be dry by day and night usually通常日夜都能保持乾爽
• Stay dry all day and night usually.通常全日和夜間都能保持乾爽。
• fails to indicate toilet needs, wets at day time frequently未能表示有如廁需要，日間經常尿濕by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• needs assistance when going to urinate小便時需要協助by 60mopartial evidence

3-4y

• Wash hands.會洗手。

4-6y

• Washes hands會洗手
• Washes face and brushes teeth independently能獨立洗面和刷牙
• Wash face and brush teeth independently能獨立洗面和刷牙
• fails to wash and dry hands independently未能獨立洗手和抹乾雙手by 60mopartial evidence
• fails to squeeze the towel dry and clean his/her face independently未能扭乾毛巾並獨立清潔面部by 72moclinical convention
• does not know how to brush teeth不懂得怎樣刷牙by 72mopartial evidence

3-4y

• Does not eat with spoon, fork or chopsticks不會用匙羹、叉或筷子進食by 36moresearch backed

4-6y

• Appears clumsy using a spoon or fork使用匙羹或叉時顯得笨拙by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Tries to use scissors to cut paper strip嘗試用剪刀剪紙條
• Does simple art work involving cutting with scissors, applying glue, and sticking objects into position做簡單美勞，包括用剪刀剪、塗膠水及把物件貼在適當位置
• Try to use scissors to cut paper into strips嘗試用剪刀把紙剪成條狀
• Do simple art work involving cutting with scissors, applying glue, and sticking objects into position做簡單美勞，包括用剪刀剪、塗膠水及把物件貼在適當位置
• Appears clumsy in pencil skill or in using simple tools握筆技巧或使用簡單工具時顯得笨拙by 60mopartial evidence
• has difficulty using scissors使用剪刀有困難by 60mopartial evidence
• appears clumsy in doing simple artwork e.g. cutting, gluing and sticking做簡單美勞時顯得笨拙，例如剪、塗膠水及黏貼by 72moclinical convention

0-3mo

• Starts cooing or vocalizing with different sounds e.g. 'Ah', 'Ooh'開始咕咕發聲，或發出不同聲音，例如「啊」、「嗚」
• baby starts to imitate some sounds嬰兒開始模仿一些聲音
• baby starts cooing or vocalizing with different sounds嬰兒開始咕咕發聲，或發出不同聲音
• does not make any sound沒有發出任何聲音by 3moresearch backed

4-7mo

• Babbles chains of consonants like bah-bah, dada會連續發出輔音音節，例如「巴巴」、「打打」
• Imitates different sounds made by adult會模仿成人發出的不同聲音
• baby babbles consonant chains嬰兒會連續發出輔音音節
• baby imitates different sounds made by adults嬰兒會模仿成人發出的不同聲音
• does not vocalize不會發聲by 7moresearch backed

8-12mo

• can babble consonants like 'ba', 'da', 'ka'會發出「ba」、「da」、「ka」等輔音牙牙語
• can vocalize strings of syllables or say a few meaningful words會發出一連串音節，或說幾個有意思的詞語
• does not babble ('mama', 'baba', 'dada') by end of 9 months到9個月底仍不會牙牙學語，例如「媽媽」、「爸爸」、「打打」by 9moresearch backed
• Makes a lot of different sounds like 'mamamama' and 'bababababa'會發出很多不同聲音，例如「mamamama」和「bababababa」
• Imitates speech sounds會模仿語音
• Vocalizes long babbles or jargon會發出長串牙牙語或像說話般的聲音
• Vocalize long babbles or jargon會發出長串牙牙語或像說話般的聲音
• Try to imitate words嘗試模仿詞語

0-3mo

• Shows preference for human face, followed by high-contrasted patterns偏好注視人臉，其次是高對比圖案
• Focuses best at near, about 8 to 10 inches (20-25 cm)最能聚焦近距離，約8至10吋（20至25厘米）
• Follows human face or large attractive objects briefly短暫追視人臉或大型吸引物件
• Recognizes and visually follows familiar people at distance (several feet or 1 to 2 m away)認出並以視線追隨遠處熟悉的人（數呎或1至2米外）
• Moves head and turns eyes from side to side to follow moving objects轉動頭部和眼睛向兩旁追視移動物件
• By around 2 months, baby may show increasing interest in surroundings.約2個月大時，嬰兒可能對周圍環境表現出日益增加的興趣。
• By 3 months, baby explores surroundings with her eyes.到3個月大時，嬰兒會用眼睛探索周圍環境。
• By 3 months, baby looks intently at human faces, especially a parent’s face.到3個月大時，嬰兒會專注看人臉，特別是父母的臉。
• By 3 months, baby recognizes and visually follows familiar people at a distance (several feet or 1 to 2 m away).到3個月大時，嬰兒會認出並以視線追隨遠處熟悉的人（數呎或1至2米外）。
• By 3 months, baby moves head and turns eyes side to side to follow moving objects.到3個月大時，嬰兒會轉動頭部和眼睛向兩旁追視移動物件。
• Discuss with a doctor or nurse if by 3 months your baby does not follow moving objects with her eyes at near.如嬰兒到3個月大時仍不會用眼睛追視近距離移動物件，應與醫生或護士商討。by 3moresearch backed

4-7mo

• Shows interest in objects (e.g. choco beads) at near (about 12 to 15 inches/30-40cm)對近距離物件（如朱古力豆）感興趣（約12至15吋／30至40厘米）
• Fixates and follows tiny objects能注視並追視細小物件
• Shows interest in colourful pictures對色彩鮮艷的圖畫感興趣
• By 7 months, baby shows interest in colourful pictures.到7個月大時，嬰兒會對色彩鮮艷的圖畫感興趣。
• By 7 months, baby readily recognizes familiar persons at a distance.到7個月大時，嬰兒能輕易認出遠處熟悉的人。
• By 7 months, baby follows objects with quick and smooth eye movements.到7個月大時，嬰兒能以快速而流暢的眼球活動追視物件。
• By 7 months, baby can fixate and follow tiny objects at about 30–40 cm away.到7個月大時，嬰兒能注視並追視約30至40厘米外的細小物件。
• If by 7 months your baby does not visually follow objects nearby or at a distance, discuss with doctors or nurses.如嬰兒到7個月大時仍不會以視線追隨近處或遠處物件，應與醫生或護士商討。by 7mopartial evidence
• If by 7 months one or both eyes consistently turn in or out (squinting), discuss with doctors or nurses.如嬰兒到7個月大時一隻或雙眼持續向內或向外斜視，應與醫生或護士商討。by 7mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• Recognizes the scent of mother認出母親的氣味

8-12mo

• Appears not hear or see well看來聽得或看得不好by 12mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Appears not hear or see well看來聽得或看得不好by 24mopartial evidence

2-3y

• Concerning sign during early childhood: gets confused with directions, uses hands to search for directions幼兒期令人關注的徵象：對方向感到混亂，會用手摸索方向by 60moclinical convention

3-4y

• Discuss with doctors or nurses if your child appears not to see or hear well.如孩子看來看得或聽得不好，應與醫生或護士商討。by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Does not see or hear well看得或聽得不好by 60mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• Looks and plays with own hands注視並玩自己的手
• By 3 months, baby looks at and plays with her own hands.到3個月大時，嬰兒會看著並玩自己的手。
• Discuss with a doctor or nurse if by 3 months your baby does not look at her own hands.如嬰兒到3個月大時仍不會看自己的手，應與醫生或護士商討。by 3mopartial evidence

4-7mo

• Shows interest in own image in the mirror對鏡中自己的影像感興趣

1-2y

• Does not understand names of common household objects or body parts不明白常見家居物件或身體部位的名稱by 24moresearch backed

4-7mo

• Finds partially hidden objects能找出部分被遮蓋的物件
• Enjoys making sound with toys or objects repeatedly (e.g. shaking of rattle or keys)喜歡反覆用玩具或物件發出聲音（如搖鈴或鑰匙）
• By 7 months, baby enjoys repeatedly making sounds with toys and objects.到7個月大時，嬰兒喜歡反覆用玩具和物件發出聲音。
• By 7 months, baby enjoys playing "peek-a-boo".到7個月大時，嬰兒喜歡玩「躲貓貓」。
• By 7 months, baby can find partially hidden objects.到7個月大時，嬰兒能找出部分被遮蓋的物件。

8-12mo

• Plays peek-a-boo玩躲貓貓
• Searches for hidden toy尋找被藏起的玩具
• Actively takes toys offered and manipulates with interest主動拿取遞給他的玩具，並有興趣地操作
• Explores objects in many different ways (shaking, banging, throwing and dropping)以多種不同方式探索物件（搖、敲、丟和掉下）
• Finds hidden toys easily能輕易找出被藏起的玩具
• Takes objects out and put into containers把物件從容器取出及放入容器
• Explore objects in many different ways (shaking, banging, throwing and dropping)以多種不同方式探索物件（搖、敲、丟和掉下）
• Find hidden toys easily能輕易找出被藏起的玩具

8-12mo

• does not use sounds or gestures to point to indicate needs by end of 12 months到12個月底仍不會用聲音或手勢指示需要by 12moresearch backed
• Copies sounds and gestures會模仿聲音和手勢
• Makes his wants known by gestures, pointing with index fingers會用手勢和食指指向來表達需要
• Shake head for 'No'會搖頭表示「不」
• Make his wants known by gestures, pointing with index fingers or even words會用手勢、食指指向，甚至詞語表達需要
• Does not use sounds, words, gestures or pointing to indicate needs不會用聲音、詞語、手勢或指向來表達需要by 12moresearch backed

1-2y

• does not use finger to point to indicate needs by end of 18 months到18個月底仍不會用手指指向來表示需要by 18moresearch backed
• Says and shakes head for 'No'會說和搖頭表示「不」
• Does not point with finger to indicate needs不會用手指指向來表示需要by 18moresearch backed
• Does not use gestures or words to draw your attention onto things/events of her interest不會用手勢或詞語吸引你留意她感興趣的事物或事件by 24mopartial evidence

2-3y

• delay in verbal language not compensated through other means such as gestures or facial expression口語發展遲緩，但沒有以手勢或面部表情等其他方式補償by 36mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• can respond to familiar words with contextual cues在情境提示下能回應熟悉詞語
• Understands the correct use of daily objects明白日常物件的正確用途

1-2y

• can recognize names of familiar people and objects能認出熟悉人物和物件的名稱
• can point to body parts when asked被問到時能指出身體部位
• can recognize common pictures能辨認常見圖畫
• does not understand names of familiar persons and objects by end of 18 months到18個月底仍不明白熟悉人物和物件的名稱by 18moresearch backed
• does not recognize a few simple pictures by end of 24 months到24個月底仍不能辨認幾幅簡單圖畫by 24moresearch backed
• Points to familiar objects when named聽到名稱時能指出熟悉物件
• Points to one to a few body parts能指出一個至幾個身體部位
• Recognizes and names familiar objects and pictures能辨認和命名熟悉物件及圖畫
• Point to body parts in response to naming聽到名稱時能指出身體部位
• Recognise names of familiar people and objects認得熟悉人物和物件的名稱
• Does not understand names of familiar people or objects不明白熟悉人物或物件的名稱by 18moresearch backed

2-3y

• Recognise and identify most common objects and pictures能辨認和指出大部分常見物件及圖畫
• Understand verbs and adjectives明白動詞和形容詞

3-4y

• fails to identify and name most common objects and pictures未能辨認和命名大部分常見物件及圖畫by 48mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• can respond to familiar words with gestured cues在手勢提示下能回應熟悉詞語
• Responds to simple situational commands能回應簡單情境指令
• Understands 'no'明白「不」
• Understand 'No'明白「不」
• Respond to simple situational commands e.g. Wave 'bye-bye', 'give mummy'能回應簡單情境指令，例如揮手「拜拜」、「畀媽媽」
• Does not respond to command with gestured cues在手勢提示下仍不會回應指令by 12moresearch backed

1-2y

• can understand more daily words and phrases with gradual withdrawal of gestured cues在逐步減少手勢提示下，能明白更多日常詞語和短句
• can follow simple instructions like 'give me the ball'能跟從簡單指示，例如「把球給我」
• does not respond to one-step commands without prompting gestures by end of 24 months到24個月底，在沒有手勢提示下仍不會回應一步指令by 24moresearch backed
• Follows one-step command能跟從一步指令
• Follows simple verbal instructions without gestured cues在沒有手勢提示下能跟從簡單口頭指示
• Follow simple instructions like 'give me the ball' without gestured cues在沒有手勢提示下能跟從簡單指示，例如「把球給我」

2-3y

• cannot understand two-step commands by end of 3 years到3歲底仍不能明白兩步指令by 36moresearch backed
• Follows instructions with 2 or 3 steps能跟從兩至三步指示
• Follow short commands能跟從簡短指令
• Fails to understand simple instructions未能明白簡單指示by 36moresearch backed

3-4y

• cannot follow adult's daily instructions by end of 4 years到4歲底仍不能跟從成人的日常指示by 48moresearch backed
• Follow an adult's daily instruction能跟從成人的日常指示
• has difficulty following adults' daily instructions跟從成人日常指示有困難by 48moresearch backed
• fails to follow simple instructions未能跟從簡單指示by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• shows difficulty in understanding longer sentences理解較長句子有困難by 60moresearch backed
• shows difficulty in understanding complex sentences理解複雜句子有困難by 72mopartial evidence
• cannot carry out verbal instructions不能執行口頭指示by 72mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• Speaks 1 to 2 words spontaneously in a meaningful way能自發地說一至兩個有意思的詞語
• Speak 1 to 2 words spontaneously in a meaningful way能自發地說一至兩個有意思的詞語

1-2y

• can start to use single words, mostly nouns then a few verbs開始使用單詞，多數先用名詞，然後用少量動詞
• can say more single words能說更多單詞
• does not have meaningful words by end of 18 months到18個月底仍沒有有意思的詞語by 18moresearch backed
• Can say 10 or more words能說10個或以上詞語
• Says many single words能說很多單詞
• Say single words, mainly nouns first and then verbs會說單詞，主要先說名詞，然後說動詞
• Speak no words yet仍未會說任何詞語by 18moresearch backed

3-4y

• Has an active vocabulary of hundreds of words有數百個主動使用的詞彙

4-6y

• Asks meaning of new words heard會問聽到的新詞語的意思
• Names 10 or more colours能說出10種或以上顏色名稱
• has a limited vocabulary and cannot express himself/herself appropriately詞彙有限，不能恰當地表達自己by 72mopartial evidence

8-12mo

• Starts engaging in make-believe play with household objects involving only himself (e.g. babbling into the telephone)開始用家居物件進行只涉及自己的假想遊戲（如對著電話牙牙學語）
• Understand the correct use of daily objects (e.g. comb for combing hair)明白日常物件的正確用途（如梳子用來梳頭）
• Start engaging in make-believe play with household objects (e.g. Babbling into the telephone)開始用家居物件進行假想遊戲（如對著電話牙牙學語）

1-2y

• Functional object use (e.g. brushes own hair with brush, pushes toy car)功能性使用物件（如用梳子梳自己的頭髮、推玩具車）
• Imitates using real props (e.g. sweeps with broom, wipe furniture with towel)模仿使用真實道具（如用掃把掃地、用毛巾抹家具）
• Enjoys pretend play involving others (e.g. feeding Mummy or a doll)喜歡涉及他人的假想遊戲（如餵媽媽或洋娃娃）
• Enjoy pretend play, initially involving only himself, then gradually involving others喜歡假想遊戲，初時只涉及自己，然後逐漸涉及他人
• Does not play meaningfully but engages in throwing and mouthing of toys沒有有意義地玩耍，只是丟玩具和把玩具放入口中by 18moresearch backed
• Does not show interest in playing with her carers, prefers to play on her own對與照顧者一起玩沒有興趣，較喜歡自己玩by 24mopartial evidence
• Does not participate in pretend play such as playing toy tea set不參與假想遊戲，例如玩玩具茶具by 24moresearch backed

2-3y

• Becomes more elaborate in pretend play, taking roles (e.g. pretending to be a doctor or a teacher)假想遊戲更豐富，會扮演角色（如扮醫生或老師）
• Become more elaborate in pretend play, taking roles (e.g. pretending to be a doctor or a teacher).假想遊戲變得更豐富，會扮演角色（如扮醫生或老師）。

3-4y

• fails to describe the use of common objects, e.g., spoon for eating; scissors for cutting未能描述常見物件的用途，例如匙羹用來進食、剪刀用來剪東西by 48moresearch backed
• does not participate in make-believe play, e.g., pretending to be doctors, playing with kitchen set etc.不參與假想遊戲，例如扮醫生、玩廚房玩具等by 48moresearch backed

8-12mo

• Maintain relatively short attention span維持相對較短的注意力持續時間

3-4y

• Controls his behaviours increasingly and agrees to rules越來越能控制自己的行為，並同意遵守規則
• Discuss with doctors or nurses if your child has a learning or behavioural problem at school.如孩子在學校有學習或行為問題，應與醫生或護士商討。by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• child has poor attention in class孩子在課堂上注意力差by 144mopartial evidence
• Focuses with increasing attention and completes task能以逐漸增加的注意力專注並完成任務
• Focus with increasing attention and complete tasks能以逐漸增加的注意力專注並完成任務
• Is easily distracted and inattentive when compared to others in class與班中其他兒童相比，容易分心及不專注by 60mopartial evidence
• Cannot follow instructions at home or in school在家中或學校不能遵從指示by 60mopartial evidence
• fails to recognize 1 to 2 objects just shown未能認出剛剛展示過的1至2件物件by 60moclinical convention

1-2y

• can start combining words開始把詞語組合起來
• speaks single words only by end of 24 months到24個月底仍只會說單詞by 24moresearch backed
• Starts combining words開始把詞語組合起來
• Start combining words開始把詞語組合起來

2-3y

• can speak in phrases or simple sentences能說短語或簡單句子
• can speak short sentences with pronouns能用代詞說短句
• can use adjectives能使用形容詞
• not speaking with 2-3 word phrases by end of 3 years到3歲底仍不會說二至三詞短語by 36moresearch backed
• speaks in 2-3 word phrases or sentences會說二至三詞短語或句子
• Speaks in simple sentences and starts using pronouns能說簡單句子，並開始使用代詞
• Speak in phrases or simple sentences會說短語或簡單句子
• Start to use pronouns開始使用代詞
• Fails to communicate in 2-3 word phrases未能用二至三詞短語溝通by 36moresearch backed

3-4y

• does not speak in sentences by end of 4 years到4歲底仍不會說句子by 48moresearch backed
• Uses pronouns appropriately能恰當使用代詞
• Expresses needs or feelings in simple sentences能用簡單句子表達需要或感受
• Use pronouns appropriately恰當使用代詞
• Express needs or feelings in simple sentences用簡單句子表達需要或感受
• does not speak in sentences不會說句子by 48moresearch backed
• does not speak in short phrases不會說短語by 48mopartial evidence
• shows confusion in understanding or using pronouns理解或使用代詞時混淆by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Speak clearly and fluently with adult sentence structure and grammar能以成人句式和語法清晰流暢地說話
• Cannot speak in adult-like sentences不能說接近成人句式的句子by 60mopartial evidence
• does not speak in simple sentences不會說簡單句子by 60mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Sorts objects by shapes and sizes按形狀和大小分類物件
• Begin to sort objects by shape and size開始按形狀和大小分類物件

2-3y

• Sorts and identifies a few colours能分類並辨認幾種顏色
• Match objects with pictures把物件與圖畫配對
• Sort and identify a few colours能分類並辨認幾種顏色

3-4y

• Names a few colors能說出幾種顏色名稱
• cannot grasp basic concepts, such as big and small未能掌握基本概念，例如大和小by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Name 10 or more colours能說出10種或以上顏色名稱
• cannot distinguish between two objects by their size, height or length不能按大小、高矮或長短分辨兩件物件by 60mopartial evidence
• cannot classify and match objects, e.g., shoes with socks, cup with plate不能分類及配對物件，例如鞋配襪、杯配碟by 60moresearch backed
• fails to name a few colours or shapes未能說出幾種顏色或形狀名稱by 72mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Starts learning to solve problems with trial and error開始透過嘗試錯誤學習解決問題
• Start learning to solve problems with trial and error開始透過嘗試錯誤學習解決問題

3-4y

• Like to ask 'Why', 'Who', and sometimes 'How' questions.喜歡問「為甚麼」、「誰」，有時問「怎樣」的問題。

4-6y

• Begins to reason but usually unable to consider several possible factors at the same time開始推理，但通常未能同時考慮多個可能因素
• Distinguishes fantasy from reality能分辨幻想與現實
• Ask meaning of new words heard會問聽到的新詞語的意思
• Begin to reason but usually unable to consider several possible factors at the same time開始推理，但通常未能同時考慮多個可能因素
• Shows definite problem in learning concepts在學習概念方面有明顯問題by 60moclinical convention
• is unable to grasp simple common knowledge such as "What do people do when the weather is cold?", "What has four wheels?"未能掌握簡單常識，例如「天氣寒冷時人們會做甚麼？」、「甚麼有四個輪？」by 72mopartial evidence
• obviously lags behind his/her peers in acquiring skills or knowledge在掌握技能或知識方面明顯落後於同齡兒童by 72moclinical convention

2-3y

• Begins to understand number concepts, like "same/different", knows the concept of "one" and "two"開始明白數概念，例如「相同／不同」，知道「一」和「二」的概念
• Begin to understand number concepts, know the concept of "one" and "two"開始明白數概念，知道「一」和「二」的概念

3-4y

• Understands basic concept of quantity (e.g. big & small, tall & short, long & short etc.)明白基本數量概念（如大與小、高與矮、長與短等）
• Says numbers up to 10 and may count up to 3 to 4 objects correctly能說出1至10的數字，並可能正確點數3至4件物件
• Say numbers up to 10 and count 3 to 4 objects correctly.能說出1至10的數字，並正確點數3至4件物件。
• shows difficulty in understanding the meaning of "one" or "two"理解「一」或「二」的意思有困難by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Does simple one-digit addition and subtraction within 10能做10以內簡單一位數加減
• Do simple one-digit addition and subtraction within 10能做10以內簡單一位數加減
• shows difficulty in understanding basic number concepts, such as counting 2 to 3 objects correctly理解基本數概念有困難，例如正確點數2至3件物件by 60moresearch backed
• shows difficulty in understanding quantity, such as counting 4 to 6 objects correctly理解數量有困難，例如正確點數4至6件物件by 72mopartial evidence

2-3y

• Understands the concept of "top/bottom"明白「上／下」的概念
• Completes puzzles of 3-4 pieces完成3至4塊拼圖
• Complete puzzles of 3-4 pieces完成3至4塊拼圖

3-4y

• Understands concept of time in relation to his own daily routine e.g. expecting playground activities some time after his brother is back from school明白與自己日常生活相關的時間概念，例如哥哥放學回家後一段時間會去遊樂場

4-6y

• Begins to think and reason, understands basic concept of time e.g. morning and afternoon, today and tomorrow, weekdays and holidays, etc.開始思考和推理，明白基本時間概念，例如上午和下午、今天和明天、平日和假日等
• Understand basic concept of time (e.g. morning and afternoon, today and tomorrow, weekdays and holidays)明白基本時間概念（如上午和下午、今天和明天、平日和假日）

3-4y

• can attend to storytelling, may ask adults to repeat favourite parts能專心聽故事，並可能請成人重複喜歡的部分
• can describe events and what is going on in simple terms能用簡單說話描述事件和正在發生的事情
• cannot comprehend simple stories or cartoons by end of 4 years到4歲底仍不能理解簡單故事或卡通by 48moresearch backed
• cannot retell events in simple words by end of 4 years到4歲底仍不能用簡單詞語複述事件by 48moresearch backed
• Sings nursery rhymes會唱兒歌
• Listen to simple stories and request repeats of favourites會聽簡單故事，並要求重複喜歡的部分
• Sing nursery rhymes with actions會配合動作唱兒歌
• cannot imitate nursery rhymes不能模仿兒歌by 48moresearch backed

4-6y

• cannot comprehend complicated stories by end of 5 years到5歲底仍不能理解較複雜故事by 60mopartial evidence
• cannot retell simple stories in an organized way by end of 5 years到5歲底仍不能有組織地複述簡單故事by 60moresearch backed
• Re-tells a few events from a story just heard能複述剛聽過故事中的幾件事情
• Gives a logical account of what has happened recently能有條理地講述最近發生的事情
• Enjoys jokes and riddles喜歡笑話和謎語
• Re-tell a few events from a story just heard能複述剛聽過故事中的幾件事情
• Give a logical account of what has happened recently能有條理地講述最近發生的事情
• Enjoy jokes and riddles喜歡笑話和謎語
• Cannot relate simple events不能講述簡單事件by 60moresearch backed
• fails to understand stories told未能理解講述的故事by 60moresearch backed
• cannot relate simple events with guidance即使有引導也不能講述簡單事件by 60moresearch backed
• fails to relate events or describe a picture未能講述事件或描述圖片by 72mopartial evidence

3-4y

• can speak fluently能流暢地說話
• has unclear speech and difficulty being understood by end of 4 years到4歲底仍說話不清，難以被人明白by 48moresearch backed
• Speaks clearly and understandable to strangers說話清晰，陌生人也能明白
• Speak clearly and be understandable to strangers說話清晰，陌生人也能明白
• has unclear articulation that is difficult to be understood發音不清，難以被人明白by 48moresearch backed
• has unclear or unintelligible speech說話不清或難以理解by 48moresearch backed

4-6y

• Speaks clearly and fluently using well-formed sentences能用完整句子清晰流暢地說話
• Has unclear speech such as misarticulation, stuttering說話不清，例如發音錯誤或口吃by 60mopartial evidence
• has unclear speech說話不清by 60moresearch backed
• cannot speak fluently when relaxed放鬆時仍不能流暢說話by 72mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Dyslexia presentation: difficulty recognizing, reading, and pronouncing characters or words; mixing up similar-looking or similar-meaning characters讀寫障礙表現：辨認、閱讀及讀出字或詞語有困難；混淆形似或意思相近的字by 144mopartial evidence
• Dyslexia presentation: slow reading, sometimes skipping words or lines; easily tired or having headaches during reading讀寫障礙表現：閱讀速度慢，有時漏讀字或行；閱讀時容易疲倦或頭痛by 144mopartial evidence
• Dyslexia presentation: failure to accurately recall simple words in dictation; wrong patterns in writing including addition/deletion of strokes, reversal of stroke sequence, writing slowly in wrong sequence讀寫障礙表現：默書時未能準確記起簡單字詞；書寫模式錯誤，包括加減筆畫、筆順倒轉、書寫緩慢且次序錯誤by 144mopartial evidence
• fails to identify and read numbers, letters or simple words, such as " 人", "口", "日", 'A', "B"未能辨認及讀出數字、字母或簡單字詞，例如「人」、「口」、「日」、A、Bby 72mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• Smiles unselectively at first and then in response to social stimulation起初無選擇地微笑，之後會回應社交刺激而微笑
• Communicates feelings and needs by crying, cooing, different facial expressions and body movements以哭聲、咕咕聲、不同面部表情和身體動作表達感受和需要
• Laughs out when played with and may cry when playing stops被逗玩時會笑出聲，玩耍停止時可能會哭
• Look at you and return your smile during play玩耍時望着你並以微笑回應
• Uses a social smile to communicate, especially with familiar people用社交微笑溝通，尤其是與熟悉的人
• Communicates feelings and needs by crying, cooing, facial expressions, and body movements以哭聲、咕咕聲、面部表情和身體動作表達感受和需要
• Frolics when played with and may cry when play stops被逗玩時表現雀躍，玩耍停止時可能會哭
• Does not smile in response to your voice or face不會因你的聲音或面孔而微笑回應by 3moresearch backed

4-6y

• Limited facial expression and body language面部表情和身體語言有限by 60mopartial evidence

0-3mo

• Imitates adult's facial expressions directed towards him模仿成人對着他的面部表情
• Imitates adults' facial expressions directed towards her模仿成人對着她的面部表情

8-12mo

• No imitation of others' action or facial expression不模仿他人的動作或面部表情by 12moresearch backed
• Enjoys imitating other's action in her play玩耍時喜歡模仿他人的動作
• Enjoy imitating other's action in her play玩耍時喜歡模仿他人的動作

1-2y

• Imitates peers模仿朋輩
• Imitates behaviours and activities of others, especially adults and older kids模仿他人的行為和活動，尤其是成人和較年長兒童
• Imitate behaviours and activities of others, especially adults and older kids模仿他人的行為和活動，尤其是成人和較年長兒童

2-3y

• Imitates mannerisms and behaviours of adults and playmates模仿成人和玩伴的舉止及行為
• Imitate mannerisms and behaviours of adults and playmates模仿成人和玩伴的舉止及行為

4-7mo

• Shows strong preference for mother or care person明顯偏好母親或照顧者
• Readily recognizes familiar persons at a distance能在數呎外認出熟悉的人
• Stranger anxiety對陌生人焦慮
• Show a strong preference for you and other regular caregivers明顯偏好你和其他固定照顧者
• May become wary of strangers可能開始對陌生人警覺
• Shows strong preference for mother or care person明顯偏好母親或照顧者
• May start to develop stranger anxiety可能開始出現對陌生人的焦慮

8-12mo

• May be clingy with familiar adults可能會黏着熟悉的成人
• Appears shy or anxious with strangers, shows distress when parents leave面對陌生人時害羞或焦慮，父母離開時表現不安
• Shows preference for certain persons and toys偏好某些人和玩具
• Appear shy or anxious with strangers, show distress when parents leave面對陌生人時顯得害羞或焦慮，父母離開時表現不安
• Show preference for certain persons and toys偏好某些人和玩具

1-2y

• Does not show interest in playing with her carers, prefers to play on her own對與照顧者玩耍沒有興趣，較喜歡自己玩by 18mopartial evidence

2-3y

• Shows extreme difficulty in separating from caregiver in most situations在大多數情況下與照顧者分離時極度困難by 36moresearch backed

3-4y

• Still clings and cries excessively when the main caregiver leaves him主要照顧者離開時仍過分黏人和哭鬧by 48mopartial evidence
• Clings excessively and shows extreme difficulty in separating from the main caregiver in most situations過分黏着主要照顧者，並在大多數情況下分離極度困難by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Is excessively shy and timid, often refuses to talk to strangers過分害羞膽怯，經常拒絕與陌生人說話by 72moclinical convention

4-7mo

• Shows interest in his own image in the mirror對鏡中自己的影像感興趣

1-2y

• Being self-centred較自我中心
• Shows possessiveness and competes for toys表現佔有慾，並為玩具競爭
• Being self-centred較自我中心
• Show possessiveness and compete for toys表現佔有慾，並為玩具競爭

2-3y

• Still being self-centred仍較自我中心

3-4y

• Starts to identify with his own sex開始認同自己的性別
• Shows preference for same-sex playmates偏好同性玩伴
• Start to identify with own sex開始認同自己的性別
• Show preference for same-sex playmates偏好同性玩伴

4-6y

• Be aware of role characteristics and physical differences between males and females察覺男女之間的角色特徵和身體差異

8-12mo

• Does not look at person being mentioned at 7-9 months7至9個月時不望向被提及的人by 9mopartial evidence
• Lack of eye contact缺乏眼神接觸by 12mopartial evidence
• Responds only to sound with slow response to visual hints只對聲音有反應，對視覺提示反應較慢by 12mopartial evidence
• Test out parental response to her behaviors試探父母對其行為的反應
• Seldom look into the eyes of her carer很少望着照顧者的眼睛by 12mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Use gestures or speech to show his needs and to direct your attention to his interest用手勢或說話表達需要，並把你的注意引向他感興趣的事物
• Seldom look into the eyes of her carer很少望着照顧者的眼睛by 18mopartial evidence
• Can only speak in single words只能說單字by 24moresearch backed

2-3y

• Poor eye contact眼神接觸差by 36mopartial evidence
• Poor response when name called叫名時反應差by 36mopartial evidence
• Lack of spontaneous sharing of enjoyment or showing objects of interest to others缺乏自發與他人分享喜悅或展示感興趣物件by 36mopartial evidence

3-4y

• Lacks eye contact and seldom initiates to communicate with others缺乏眼神接觸，並很少主動與人溝通by 48mopartial evidence
• Seldom directs other's attention to things he/she feels interested很少把別人的注意引向自己感興趣的事物by 48mopartial evidence

4-6y

• Lack of eye contact缺乏眼神接觸by 60mopartial evidence
• Appears not hearing well, or having poor eye contact with carer or others看似聽得不好，或與照顧者或其他人眼神接觸差by 60mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Enjoy watching and being around other children, usually older ones喜歡觀看和待在其他兒童身邊，通常是較年長兒童

2-3y

• Poor reciprocal social and emotional response and failure to develop appropriate peer relationships社交及情感互動反應差，未能發展合適的朋輩關係by 36moresearch backed
• Shows affection for familiar playmates對熟悉的玩伴表現親切
• Show affection for familiar playmates對熟悉的玩伴表現親切
• Shows no interest in other children對其他兒童沒有興趣by 36moresearch backed

3-4y

• Shows no interest in playing with others, ignores other children, and prefers playing on his own對與他人玩耍沒有興趣，忽略其他兒童，並較喜歡自己玩by 48moresearch backed
• Shows little interest on or ignores other children; prefers playing on his/her own對其他兒童興趣很少或忽略他們；較喜歡自己玩by 48moresearch backed

4-6y

• Tells the names of most of his classmates, and chooses companions that he likes能說出大部分同學的名字，並選擇自己喜歡的同伴
• Wants to be like his friends想像朋友一樣
• Tell the names of most classmates and choose companions he likes能說出大部分同學的名字，並選擇自己喜歡的同伴
• Want to be like friends想像朋友一樣
• Shows little interest in other children and not joining in games對其他兒童興趣很少，並不參與遊戲by 60moresearch backed
• Ignores other children, seldom initiates to communicate with others忽略其他兒童，很少主動與人溝通by 60mopartial evidence

1-2y

• Learns to play with others in an interactive way學習以互動方式與他人玩耍
• Learn to play with others in an interactive way學習以互動方式與他人玩耍

2-3y

• Starts taking turns and sharing開始輪流和分享
• Start taking turns and sharing開始輪流和分享

3-4y

• Engages in simple cooperative play with other kids與其他兒童進行簡單合作遊戲
• Engage in simple cooperative play with other kids與其他兒童進行簡單合作遊戲
• Control behaviours increasingly and follow rules逐漸控制行為並遵守規則

4-6y

• Engages in games that require taking turns and following rules and to play cooperatively with companions most of the time參與需要輪流和遵守規則的遊戲，並多數時間能與同伴合作玩耍
• Engage in group games that require taking turns and following rules and play cooperatively most of the time參與需要輪流和遵守規則的集體遊戲，並多數時間能合作玩耍
• Does not like and feel uneasy in joining group games不喜歡參與集體遊戲，並感到不安by 60mopartial evidence
• Shows no intention to share or cooperate with other children沒有與其他兒童分享或合作的意願by 60moresearch backed
• Fails to observe rules or take turns未能遵守規則或輪流by 60moresearch backed
• Fails to observe rules; cannot cooperate with peers in group games未能遵守規則；在集體遊戲中不能與朋輩合作by 72mopartial evidence

1-2y

• May have temper tantrums可能會發脾氣

2-3y

• Stereotyped repetitive behaviours, narrow interests, persistent preoccupation with parts of objects, inflexible adherence to non-functional routines or rituals刻板重複行為、興趣狹窄、持續專注於物件局部，或僵化地堅持無功能的常規或儀式by 36mopartial evidence
• Hyper- or hypo-reactivity to sensory input or unusual sensory-seeking behaviour對感官刺激過度或過低反應，或有異常尋求感官刺激行為by 36mopartial evidence
• Shows temper tantrum behaviours when obstructed and becomes more rebellious受阻時表現發脾氣行為，並變得較反叛
• Show temper tantrum and rebellious behaviours when upset不高興時發脾氣並表現反叛行為

3-4y

• Shows excessive or persistent aggressive behaviour表現過度或持續的攻擊性行為by 48moclinical convention

4-6y

• Controls his feelings generally and behaves according to social rules一般能控制情緒，並按社交規則行事
• Control feelings and behave according to social rules控制情緒並按社交規則行事
• Shows excessively aggressive behaviour表現過度攻擊性行為by 60moclinical convention
• Is excessively timid, fearful, or emotionally labile過分膽怯、恐懼或情緒不穩by 60moclinical convention
• Has any other learning or behaviour problem at school在學校有任何其他學習或行為問題by 60moclinical convention
• Throws tantrums easily and shows destructive or aggressive behaviours excessively容易發脾氣，並過度表現破壞性或攻擊性行為by 60moclinical convention
• Is emotionally labile and loses temper easily情緒不穩，容易發脾氣by 72moclinical convention
• Is inattentive and easily distracted in class上課時不專心，容易分心by 72mopartial evidence
• Is restless, fidgety and talkative坐立不安、小動作多和多話by 72mopartial evidence
• Refuses to follow instructions and shows destructive or aggressive behaviours拒絕依從指示，並表現破壞性或攻擊性行為by 72moclinical convention

2-3y

• can understand simple 'yes/no', 'what' and 'where' questions能明白簡單的是非題、「甚麼」和「在哪裏」問題
• likes to ask 'what' and 'where' questions喜歡問「甚麼」和「在哪裏」問題
• persistent echoing what others say持續重複別人說的話by 36mopartial evidence
• inability to sustain conversation不能持續對話by 36moresearch backed
• abnormal use of language such as idiosyncratic speech or pronoun reversal語言使用異常，例如個人化說法或代詞倒置by 36mopartial evidence
• Gives name and age when asked被問到時能說出姓名和年齡
• Likes asking questions喜歡問問題
• Answer simple 'Yes/No', 'What' and 'Where' questions能回答簡單的是非題、「甚麼」和「在哪裏」問題
• Give name and age when asked被問到時能說出姓名和年齡
• Like to ask 'What' questions喜歡問「甚麼」問題

3-4y

• can understand most wh-questions能明白大部分疑問詞問題
• likes to ask 'why' questions喜歡問「為甚麼」問題
• Understands most wh-questions including those about a story they have recently heard能明白大部分疑問詞問題，包括關於剛聽過故事的問題
• Begins to hold conversations with adults increasingly開始越來越能與成人交談
• Likes to ask 'Why', 'Who' and sometimes 'How' questions喜歡問「為甚麼」、「誰」，有時問「怎樣」的問題
• Begin to hold conversations with adults開始能與成人交談
• cannot answer simple 'yes/no' questions不能回答簡單的是非題by 48moresearch backed

4-6y

• not able to answer questions in simple conversation by end of 5 years到5歲底仍不能在簡單對話中回答問題by 60moresearch backed
• Responds appropriately and talks in turn while maintaining the topic of conversation能恰當回應、輪流說話，並維持對話主題
• Gives full name, age, and home address when asked被問到時能說出全名、年齡和住址
• Respond appropriately and talk in turn while maintaining the topic of conversation能恰當回應、輪流說話，並維持對話主題
• Give full name, age, and home address when asked被問到時能說出全名、年齡和住址
• fails to ask 'what' and 'who' questions未能問「甚麼」和「誰」的問題by 60mopartial evidence
• cannot respond appropriately and maintain the topic when talking with others與人交談時不能恰當回應和維持主題by 72mopartial evidence

2-3y

• Poor symbolic, make-believe and social imitative play象徵、假扮及社交模仿遊戲差by 36mopartial evidence
• Does not participate in pretend play such as play acting不參與假想遊戲，例如扮演遊戲by 36mopartial evidence

3-4y

• Takes part and enjoys fantasy play and role-playing games參與並享受幻想遊戲和角色扮演遊戲
• Take part in and enjoy fantasy play and role-playing games參與並享受幻想遊戲和角色扮演遊戲

4-6y

• Enjoys pretend play with his friends like pretending to be other people喜歡與朋友玩假想遊戲，例如假扮其他人
• Enjoy pretend play with friends喜歡與朋友玩假想遊戲
• Distinguish fantasy from reality分辨幻想與現實

3-4y

• Aware of the feelings of others and may try to comfort playmates in distress察覺他人的感受，並可能嘗試安慰難過的玩伴
• Be aware of others' feelings and try to comfort playmates in distress察覺他人的感受，並嘗試安慰難過的玩伴

4-6y

• Asks about other people's thoughts and feelings, and may try to hide his own詢問別人的想法和感受，並可能嘗試隱藏自己的感受
• Think and ask about other people's thoughts and feelings, and may try to hide his own思考和詢問別人的想法及感受，並可能嘗試隱藏自己的感受
• Appears self-centred and fails to understand others' feelings顯得自我中心，未能理解他人的感受by 72mopartial evidence