“When you talk about when you were little, or when {child_name} was a baby, does {he_she} understand the idea of 'past' and 'now'?”
Follow-up: “Does {he_she} talk about what people in {his_her} life do — what mum does at work, what a doctor does?”
Not yet
Doesn't distinguish past from now; little awareness of others' roles
Emerging
Sometimes mentions past events; names some adult roles
Developing
Talks about past vs now using own experiences; describes several roles
Secure
Talks fluently about past vs now using stories and own experience; explains people's roles in society
Old family photos and stories about 'when grandma was a girl' build temporal understanding without any worksheet in sight.